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Supernetting & CIDR

The Supernetting / CIDR Chart

This articles build upon our previous pages covering  what is Supernetting (Route Summarization) & How Supernets Work and Supernetting In-...
Network Cabling

Direct Cable Connection

From the early PC days, Direct Cable Connection (DCC) was the most popular way to transfer data from one PC to another. Of course, it might seem a ...
The OSI Model

The OSI Model: Layer 1 - Physical Layer

The Physical layer has two responsibilities: it sends bits and receives bits. Bits come only in values of 1 or 0. The Physical layer communicates d...
Ethernet Protocol, CSMA/CD, Collisions

802.3 Fast Ethernet (100 Mbit/Sec) Model

Here we see a logical drawing of the Fast Ethernet Data Link Layer sublayers. Data is passed down from the upper layers (such as TCP/IP or Novell N...

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Netflow Articles:

Netflow: Monitor Bandwidth & Network Utilizatio...

Monitoring network traffic & bandwidth usage via Netflow is mandatory for any type and size network. Gaining visibility into user traffic, appl...

NetFlow Analyzer: Free Download, Step-by-Step I...

In our previous article we explained how a Netflow Analyzer can help you gain visibility into your user traffic, application traffic and data flows...

Complete Guide to Netflow: How Netflow & its Co...

This article will cover the basics of Netflow, including its use cases, Netflow supported devices, Netflow history, and variants. We’ll also dive i...

Netflow vs SNMP. Two Different Approaches to Ne...

SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and Netflow are both popular protocols with admins, prized for their ability to give visibility over the ...

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VLAN Networks

VTP Pruning

VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) pruning is a feature that is used in Cisco switches to reduce unnecessary traffic in VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) trun...
VLAN Networks

VLAN Tagging - Understanding VLANs Ethernet Frames

We mentioned that Trunk Links are designed to pass frames (packets) from all VLANs, allowing us to connect multiple switches together and independently ...
VLAN Networks

Static VLANs

VLANs are usually created by the network administrator, assigning each port of every switch to a VLAN. Depending on the network infrastructure and secur...
VLAN Networks

The VLAN Concept - Introduction to VLANs

We hear about them everywhere, vendors around the world are constantly trying to push them into every type of network and as a result, the Local Area Ne...

Routing

OSPF - Part 3: OSPF Adjacency & Neighbor Forming Pro...

This is the thrid article of our 6-part OSPF series (see below) that describes how OSPF routers perform neighbor relationship and adjacency. We’ll exami...
Routing

Hybrid Routing Protocols - Advantages and Disadvanta...

Hybrid routing protocols are a combination of distance-vector and link-state routing protocols, and are used to provide a more efficient and scala...
Routing

OSPF - Part 6: OSPF LSA Types - Purpose and Function...

Our previous article explained the purpose of Link State Update (LSU) packets and examined the Link State Advertisement (LSA) information contained with...
Routing

The IP Routing Process - Step-by-Step Analysis

We are going to analyse what happens when routing occurs on a network (IP routing process). When I was new to the networking area, I thought that all yo...

Cisco Switches

How to Disable or Enable the Password Recovery Proce...

Our previous article shows how to perform a password recovery on the Cisco Catalyst switches. This article will now explain how to disable or enable the...
Cisco Routers

How To Configure DHCP Server On A Cisco Router

DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) is the protocol used by network devices (such as PCs, network printers, etc) to automatically obtain correct ...
Cisco Routers

Introduction To Routers

Welcome to the Routers section. Here we will analyse routers quite some depth; what they do and how they work. We must point out that knowlege on the OS...
Cisco Switches

Resolving Cisco Switch & Router ‘DHCP Server Pool Ex...

In previous articles, we showed how it is possible to configure a Cisco router or Catalyst switch to provide DHCP server services to network clients. Ev...