Articles
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Articles:
The OSI Model: Layer 5 - Session Layer
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The OSI Model: Layer 4 - Transport Layer
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The OSI Model: Layer 3 - Network Layer
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The OSI Model: Layer 2 - Datalink Layer
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The OSI Model: Layer 1 - Physical Layer
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Suggested Articles:
The DNS Protocol - Part 2: DNS Queries & Resolu...
This section will help you understand how the DNS queries work on the Internet and your home network. There are two ways to use the domain name sys...
The IEEE 802.3 SNAP Frame Format
While the original 802.3 specification worked well, the IEEE realized that some upper layer protocols required an Ethertype to work properly. For e...
The Novell Proprietary Frame Format
Novell's Proprietary Frame Format was developed based on a preliminary release of the 802.3 specification. After Novell released its proprietary fo...
The OSI Model: Layer 3 - Network Layer
The Network layer is responsible for routing through an internetwork and for networking addressing. This means that the Network layer is responsibl...
Featured Subcategories:
Netflow Articles:
Netflow: Monitor Bandwidth & Network Utilizatio...
Monitoring network traffic & bandwidth usage via Netflow is mandatory for any type and size network. Gaining visibility into user traffic, appl...
NetFlow Analyzer: Free Download, Step-by-Step I...
In our previous article we explained how a Netflow Analyzer can help you gain visibility into your user traffic, application traffic and data flows...
Netflow vs SNMP. Two Different Approaches to Ne...
SNMP (Simple Network Management Protocol) and Netflow are both popular protocols with admins, prized for their ability to give visibility over the ...
Complete Guide to Netflow: How Netflow & its Co...
This article will cover the basics of Netflow, including its use cases, Netflow supported devices, Netflow history, and variants. We’ll also dive i...
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VLAN Tagging - Understanding VLANs Ethernet Frames
We mentioned that Trunk Links are designed to pass frames (packets) from all VLANs, allowing us to connect multiple switches together and independently ...
VTP Introduction & Modes
The invention of VLANs was very much welcomed by all engineers and administrators, allowing them to extend, redesign and segment their existing network ...
VTP Pruning
VTP (VLAN Trunking Protocol) pruning is a feature that is used in Cisco switches to reduce unnecessary traffic in VLAN (Virtual Local Area Network) trun...
Static VLANs
VLANs are usually created by the network administrator, assigning each port of every switch to a VLAN. Depending on the network infrastructure and secur...
Routed Protocols
We all understand that TCP/IP, IPX-SPX are protocols which are used in a Local Area Network (LAN) so computers can communicate between with each other a...
Introduction to Routing Protocols
Distance Vector, Link State RIP, IGRP, EIGRP, OSPF
Routing protocols were created for routers. These protocols have been designed to allow the exchan...
OSPF - Part 4: OSPF Neighbor States – OSPF Neighbor ...
This is the third article of our OSPF series which analyzes the different OSPF States routers go through during the OSPF discovery and neighbor forming ...
OSPF - Part 2: How OSPF Protocol Works & Basic Conce...
This article covers basic OSPF concepts and operation. We explain how OSPF works, how OSPF tables are built on an OSPF-enabled router and their purpose ...
The Importance of a Comprehensive Backup Strategy fo...
People and companies usually adopt a backup strategy suited to the needs of their working environment. As such, there is no absolute right or wrong meth...
Download Altaro Free VM Backup & Win a PlayStation 4...
We have some exciting news for you today!
Altaro has launched a great contest in celebration of SysAdmin Day on 27th July!
They will be giving away Am...
WAN Optimization vs SD WAN Networks. Today’s Challen...
Enterprises have been successfully running WAN optimization appliances at their many distributed sites for years. The devices have done a good job of he...
How to Manually Download, Import & Install PAN-OS on...
This article provides comprehensive guidance on the manual processes involved in downloading, uploading, and installing (import) any PAN-OS version on a...